Chapter 03 Historical Recount

Jumat, Maret 27, 2020

Below is a historical recount text. Read and compare eith the translation!

Orientation	On 10 November, Indonesia celebrates Hari Pahlawan or Heroes Day in remembrance of the battle of Surabaya which started on that very date in the year 1945. The bloody battle took place because Indonesians refused to surrender their weaponry to British army. British Army at that time was part of the Allied Forces. The defiant Bung Tomo is the well-known revolutionary leader who played a very important role in this battle.
Events	It all started on 26 October 1945, Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby reached an agreement with Mr Suryo, the Republic of Indonesia's governor of East Java, that the British would not ask Indonesian troops/militia to hand over their weapons. An apparent misunderstanding about the agreement between British troops in Jakarta (led by Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison) and Mallaby's troops in Surabaya was to have serious ramifications. Initially, British troops in the city comprised some 6,000-strong lightly armed British Indian soldiers from the 49th Infantry Brigade of the 23rd Indian Division. When the battle reached its peak, the British sent in additional troops which consisted of 24,000 fully armed soldiers from the 5th Indian Division, 24 US M4 Sherman medium tanks, along with a similar number of M3 Stuart light tanks, 24 battle-ready aircraft, together with 2 British Royal Navy cruiser ships and 3 accompanying destroyer escorts. Indonesian forces consisted of 20,000 soldiers from the newly formed Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR; People's Security Armed Forces) from its East Java Regional Command and an estimated 100,000–120,000 irregulars and militias. The TKR was formed partly by the former members of Peta, a semi-military organisation during the Japanese occupation and a few local officers of the former KNIL. The irregulars consisted of pro-Independence mobs, armed with rifles, swords, and bamboo spears. Some of their weapons were taken from surrendered Japanese troops. In the early morning of 10 November 1945, British troops began to advance into Surabaya with cover from both naval and air bombardment. Although the Indonesians defended the city heroically, the city was conquered within 3 days and the whole battle lasted 3 weeks. In total, between 6,000 and 16,000 Indonesians died while casualties on the British side were about 600 to 2000.
Re-orientation	Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose weaponry which hampered the country’s independence struggle. However, the battle provoked Indonesian and international mass to rally for the country’s independence which made this battle especially important for Indonesian national revolution.

Translation:

Pada 10 November, Indonesia merayakan Hari Pahlawan sebagai peringatan pertempuran Surabaya yang dimulai pada tanggal itu juga pada tahun 1945. Pertempuran berdarah terjadi karena orang Indonesia menolak menyerahkan persenjataan mereka kepada tentara Inggris. Tentara Inggris pada waktu itu adalah bagian dari Pasukan Sekutu. Bung Tomo yang menantang adalah pemimpin revolusioner terkenal yang memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam pertempuran ini.

Semuanya berawal pada 26 Oktober 1945, Brigadir A. W. S. Mallaby masing-masing membuat perjanjian dengan Bapak Suryo, gubernur Republik Indonesia di Jawa Timur, bahwa Inggris tidak akan meminta pasukan Indonesia / milisi untuk menyerahkan senjata mereka. Kesalahpahaman yang jelas tentang perjanjian antara pasukan Inggris di Jakarta (dipimpin oleh Letnan Jenderal Sir Philip Christison) dan pasukan Mallaby di Surabaya adalah memiliki konsekuensi serius.

Awalnya, pasukan Inggris di kota itu terdiri dari sekitar 6.000 tentara India India ringan yang bersenjata ringan dari Brigade Infanteri ke-49 dari Divisi India ke-23. Ketika pertempuran mencapai puncaknya, Inggris mengirim pasukan tambahan yang terdiri dari 24.000 tentara bersenjata lengkap dari Divisi 5 India, 24 tank sedang AS Sherman M4, bersama dengan jumlah yang sama dari tank ringan M3 Stuart, 24 pesawat siap tempur, bersama dengan 2 kapal penjelajah Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris dan 3 pendamping kapal perusak yang menyertainya.

Pasukan Indonesia terdiri dari 20.000 tentara dari Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) yang baru dibentuk dari Komando Daerah Jawa Timur dan diperkirakan 100.000-120.000 laskar dan milisi. TKR dibentuk sebagian oleh mantan anggota Peta, sebuah organisasi semi-militer selama pendudukan Jepang dan beberapa perwira lokal mantan KNIL. Irregulars terdiri dari gerombolan pro-Kemerdekaan, dipersenjatai dengan senapan, pedang, dan tombak bambu. Beberapa senjata mereka diambil dari pasukan Jepang yang menyerah.

Pada pagi hari tanggal 10 November 1945, pasukan Inggris mulai bergerak maju ke Surabaya dengan perlindungan dari pemboman laut dan udara. Meskipun Indonesia mempertahankan kota dengan heroik, kota itu ditaklukkan dalam waktu 3 hari dan seluruh pertempuran berlangsung 3 minggu. Secara total, antara 6.000 dan 16.000 orang Indonesia meninggal sementara korban di pihak Inggris sekitar 600 hingga 2000.

Pertempuran Surabaya menyebabkan Indonesia kehilangan persenjataan yang menghambat perjuangan kemerdekaan negara. Namun, pertempuran itu memprovokasi massa Indonesia dan internasional untuk menggalang kemerdekaan negara yang menjadikan pertempuran ini sangat penting bagi revolusi nasional Indonesia.

Vocabulary Builder

Match the words with their Indonesian equivalents. Compare your work to your classmate .

remembrance (noun)
surender (verb)
weaponry (noun)
defant (adjective )

drop (verb)
leaﬂet (noun)
anger (verb)

be betrayed (verb)

siege (verb)

reinforcement (noun)
casualties (noun)
hamper (verb)

militia (noun)
advance (verb)
rally (verb)

kelompok pejuang
bergerak maju
berkumpul untuk mendukung

peringatan
menyerahkan
persenjataaan
menantang
menjatuhkan
selebaran
membuat marah
ter/dikhianati
mengepung
kekuatan militer
korban
memperlambat

Vocabulary Exercise

Answer the following questions briefly based of the text above!

1. Does Indonesia celebrate Heroes Day in remembrance of the Battle of Surabaya?

2. Did the bloody take place because Indonesian refused to surrounder their weaponry to British army?

3. Is the defiant Bung Tomo the well-known revolutionary leader who played a very important role in this battle?

4. Who celebrates Heroes’ Day in remembrance of the Battle of Surabaya?

5. What took place because Indonesians refused to surrender their weaponry to British army?

6. When did the Battle take place?

7. Where did it happen?

8. Did the battle started because of misunderstanding between British troops in Jakarta and those in Surabaya?

9. Do you think that information in the text is clear?

10. Who is the well-known revolutionary leader who played a very important role in this Battle?

11. Who already had an agreement with Governor of East Java Mr.Surya?

12. What is the text about?

13. What caused the battle? Draw a diagram that shows chronologically the events that led to the battle.

14. What do think about the Indonesian military power compared to that of the British army at that time?

15. What made the Indonesians dare to face the British army military aggression?

16. Did the Indonesian lose or win the Battle? Why do you think so?

17. How did the battle influence the national revolution at that time?

18. Have you read other texts that tell about similar events?

19. Indonesia had gone through many battles. Why do you think the date of the Battle of Surabaya is used as a momentum to commemorate our hero’s contribution?

20. Describe in one word the Indonesians who defended their city at that time.

Grammar Review

The text about THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA above is a recount text. A recount text records a series of events in the order in which they occurred. There are several types of recounts, for example, diary, letter, journal, autography, biography and history. Now, we are playing a HISTORICAL recount.

RECOUNT

A recount is a text that tells events or experiences in the past. There is no complication and resolution among the participants, and it differentiates from narrative. The order of the events is very important.

A recount can inform and intertain listeners/readers.

COMMUNICATIVE PURPOSE

To tell past events for the purpose of informing.

TYPES OF RECOUNT

Biography, autobiography, history, diary, letter/postcard. And journal.

GENERIC STRUCTURE

· Orientation

(Introduces who were involved in the story, what, when and where the story happened)

· Events

(Tell what happened in a chronological order)

· Re-orientation

(The conclusion of the experience/personal comments. This is optional)

LANGUAGE FEATURES

· Nouns e.g. man, journey, town, etc.

· Pronouns, e.g. it, he, him, his, etc.

· Action verbs, e.g. wanted, decided, ate, etc.

· Simple Past Tense, e.g. a rich man wanted to make a journey to author town.

· Time conjunctions, e.g. before, after, finally, etc.

· Adverbs, e.g. cheerfully, quickly, etc.

· Adverbs of phrase, e.g. a few days ago, at the end of the journey, etc.

· Adjectives, e.g. old, clever, light, heavy, etc.

TEXT STRUCTURE

Now, together with your partner , complete the following sentence that show how the battle of Surabaya happened.

Orientation (Who, what, when, where)	The bloody’ battle took place in 1945 in Surabaya.
	1. The governor of Java and Brigadier Mallaby made an agreement.
	2. Indonesians……………………………
	3. There was misunderstanding …………………..
Series of events	4. Leaflets ……………………….
	5. The Indonesians ………………………
	6. Brigadier …………………….
	7. British army ……………………….
	8. The battle …………………
	9. Many Indonesians died in the battle.
Reorientation (personal comments about the event)	10. The battle of Surabaya awakened Indonesian and International revolution.

Fill in the blank with the right word. Don’t forget to change the verbs into past tense if necessary!

Advanced betray refused hamper

Angers rally conquered felt surrender

1. His unruly behavior frequently …………… many teachers and classmates. However, Mrs. Sabariah never gets tired of giving him advice every time he makes problem.

2. The city was in fire. After analyzing the situation, the general finally ordered his soldiers to move. They …………… secretly to go out of the besieged city.

3. She cannot buy gadget, clothes, shoes, and textbooks. However, the poverty never ………… the progress of her study. For textbooks, she usually borrows them from the school library.

4. Don’t cheat in exam. Cheating means that you ………….. your own life principle.

5. The robber ………… to surrender, but the police persuaded them to give in.

6. Never …………… best friends for our own advantage because best friends are like precious treasure.

7. On every Sunday morning, the student organizations and their members regularly ………. to the town square to entertain and educate people to reduce the use of plastic in daily life.

8. He could finally graduate from high school despite the financial problems that he faced. He ………… his life problems successfully. Learn from him.

9. The ceremony in remembrance of our founding fathers and mothers _____________ in the training field. The ceremony was a tribute to them.

10. When I was in Columbus, America, I heard Tanah Pusaka song. I ……….. very emotionally touched, and I even cried. I missed Indonesia, my beloved country.